Life

MOVIE,

Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processesШУУД ҮЗЭХ biological
Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes (such as signaling and self-sustaining processes) from those that do not,[1][2] either because such functions have ceased (death), or because they lack such functions and are classified as inanimate.[3][4][5] Biology is a science concerned with the study of life. The smallest contiguous unit of life is called an organism. Organisms are composed of one, or more, cells, undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, can grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce (either sexually or asexually) and, through evolution, adapt to their environment in successive generations.[1] A diverse array of living organisms can be found in the biosphere of Earth, and the properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organization and heritable genetic information. The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years. Abiogenesis is the natural process of life arising from non-living matter such as simple organic compounds. The earliest life on Earth existed at least 3.5 billion years ago,[6][7][8] during the Eoarchean Era when sufficient crust had solidified following the molten Hadean Eon. The earliest physical evidence for life on Earth is biogenic graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland[9] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[10][11] Nevertheless, several studies suggest that life on Earth may have started even earlier,[12] as early as 4.25 billion years ago according to one study,[13] and even earlier yet, 4.4 billion years ago, according to another study.[14] The mechanism by which life began on Earth is unknown, although many hypotheses have been formulated. Since emerging, life has evolved into a variety of forms, which biologists have classified into a hierarchy of taxa. Life can survive and thrive in a wide range of conditions. Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are estimated to be extinct,[15][16] there are currently 10–14 million species of life on the Earth.[17] The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old.[18][19][20] According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe.[21] Though life is confirmed only on the Earth, many think that extraterrestrial life is not only plausible, but probable or inevitable.[22][23] Other planets and moons in the Solar System have been examined for evidence of having once supported simple life, and projects such as SETI have attempted to detect radio transmissions from possible alien civilizations. The meaning of life—its significance, origin, purpose, and ultimate fate—is a central concept and question in philosophy and religion. Both philosophy and religion have offered interpretations as to how life relates to existence and consciousness, and on related issues such as life stance, purpose, conception of a god or gods, a soul or an afterlife. Different cultures throughout history have had widely varying approaches to these issues.